#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>

// complicated expression better fits as macro (or inline in C++)
#define ByteOf(x) (*(uchar *) (x))

typedef unsigned long ulong;
typedef unsigned char uchar;

// replaced byte with bitsOffset to avoid *8 operation in loop
static void radix (short byteOffset, ulong N, ulong *source, ulong *dest)
{
// suppressed the need for index as it is reported in count
        ulong count[256];
// added temp variables to simplify writing, understanding and compiler optimization job
// most of them will be allocated as registers
        ulong *sp, *cp, s, c, i;
        uchar *bp;

// faster than MemSet
        cp = count;
        for (i = 256; i > 0; --i, ++cp)
                *cp = 0;

// count occurences of every byte value
        bp = ((uchar *) source) + byteOffset;
        for (i = N; i > 0; --i, bp += 4) {
                cp = count + *bp;
                ++(*cp);
        }

// transform count into index by summing elements and storing into same array
        s = 0;
        cp = count;
        for (i = 256; i > 0; --i, ++cp) {
                c = *cp;
                *cp = s;
                s += c;
        }

// fill dest with the right values in the right place
        bp = ((uchar *) source) + byteOffset;
        sp = source;
        for (i = N; i > 0; --i, bp += 4, ++sp) {
                cp = count + *bp;
                dest[*cp] = *sp;
                ++(*cp);
        }
}

static void radix_sort (ulong *source, ulong N)
{
// allocate heap memory to avoid the need of additional parameter
        ulong *temp = (ulong *) malloc (N * sizeof (ulong));
        assert (temp != NULL);

        radix (3, N, source, temp);
        radix (2, N, temp, source);
        radix (1, N, source, temp);
        radix (0, N, temp, source);

        free (temp);
}

static void make_random (ulong *data, ulong N)
{
        for ( ; N > 0; --N, ++data)
                *data = rand () | (rand () << 16);
}

static void check_order (ulong *data, ulong N)
{
// only signal errors if any (should not be)
        --N;
        for ( ; N > 0; --N, ++data)
                assert (data[0] <= data[1]);
}

// test for big number of elements
static void test_radix (ulong N)
{
        ulong *data = (ulong *) malloc (N * sizeof (ulong));
        assert (data != NULL);

        make_random (data, N);
        radix_sort (data, N);
        check_order (data, N);

        free (data);
}

int main (int /* argc */, const char ** /* argv */)
{
        test_radix (5000000);
}